高考语法填空的考点

语法填空的考点或考查内容是：

(1)纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。

(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。

技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。

[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ____38____ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模)

解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。

技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。

[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help _33___rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考)

解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。

[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to___35___small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)

技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是

填介词。

[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考)

解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。

技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。

[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)

技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。

[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)

解析：因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之

间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。

[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy… (2008年广东高考)

解析：因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。

技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

[例9]What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校联考)

解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。

[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary.

解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的

确)

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is…that…强调结构的形式，判断填it还是that。

[例11] …and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (2007年广州一模)

解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。

(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。

[例12] _______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

解析：由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。

(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。

[例13] …as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。

[例14]Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)

(4)so /such…that…句型。如：

[例15] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)

(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。如：

[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays. (2007深圳宝安期末)

(2) 给出了动词的试题的解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例17]His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)

解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。

[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)

解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。

[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)

解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。

技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：

(1)作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：

[例20] …but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)

解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。

[例21]________ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。

(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。

[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为

了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。

[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)

解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。

(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：

[例24] He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)

解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。

[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.

解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语

(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。如：

[例26] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模)

解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。

[例27] Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)

解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。

(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧

根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：

技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。

[例28] The youngster immediately felt ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

[例29] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…

[例30] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject

解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的”，填interested。

技巧11：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：

[例31] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。

[例32] These people have made great ___39 (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模)

解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。

[例33] …instructors expect students to be familiar with ___32___ (inform) in the reading… (2008年三校联考)

解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。

技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：

[例34] …the remains date from this period because of their __38__ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)

解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。

例35] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。

技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：

[例36] As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模)

[例37] There must be something ____40___(serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)

[例38]Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)

解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。

技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：

[例39] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).

[例40] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：

[例41]…there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist 34 ___ (attract)… (2008年广州一模)

解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attraction。

[例42]The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even ___36___ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。