雅思小作文

雅思小作文

图形种类及概述法

泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart

柱形图：bar chart / histogram

趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 表格图：table

流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram

1.The graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites on the web.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You should write at least 150 words.

2. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The chart below shows estimated world illiteracy rates by region and by gender for the year 2000. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.

You should write at least 150 words.

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3.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the two graphs below.

You should write at least 150 words.

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4.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The take below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 150 words.

Underground Railways Systems

City London Paris Tokyo Washington DC Kyoto Los Angeles Date opened 1863 1900 1927 1976 1981 2001 Kilometres of Passengers per year route (in millions) 394 199 155 126 11 28 775 1191 1927 144 45 50 5.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

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Brick manufacturing

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雅思小作文主体段介绍数据或描述变化趋势的常用词详解

（每组一般背三个就足够）

一、 最常用的动词 A. 上升：

go up （went up ） increase (increased) Rise (rose) ascend (ascended) Grow(grew) Ps: rise/increase 也可用作名词，另外 an upward trend 也可表达上升

Eg: expenditure on resources such as books had increased by 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period.

The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, exceeding that of lamb in 1980.(exceed、overtake、surpass 表示超过)

B. 急剧上升：

Jump shoot up(shot up) Surge v./n. soar

Eg : the spending on research and development soared to 2.7million pounds in 1990.

C. 下降：

Decline v./n. dip

Fall v./n. decrease v./n. Drop v./n. descend Sink

Eg: other workers’ salary saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% in 2001

The figure for the US dipped to only 4% for much of this period, which was the lowest in the figure for these countries.

D. 急剧下降:

Plummet plunge

Eg : the average price of tennis racquets plummeted to 79 pounds in 1990.

E．波动：

Fluctuate vi.不及物动词 fluctuation

常用搭配 fluctuate between……….and…………………

Eg : in spite of fluctuations in the expected percentage, the proportion of older people will continue to rise in the next two decades .

E. 持平：

Level off at stabilize at

Level out at reach a plateau at Hover at remain stable at

Eg: its consumption levels remained stable at around 14% over the three decades . F. 达到最高点：

Peak at reach a peak/ reach the peak at

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Reach the highest point at Peak n./v.

E.达到最低点：

Reach the bottom at bottom out at Reach the lowest point at G. 到达多少数量：

Reach hit Arrive at register Amount to stand at H 占……….

Account for make up Represent occupy Constitute

Eg: this cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school buget.

Overall, teachers’ salaries constituted the largest cost to the school.

二、相关配合的形容词、副词

大幅度：dramatic----dramatically drastic -------drastically sharp--------sharply steep--------steeply rapid------- rapidly

significant----significantly considerable—considerably

eg: A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040.

The consumption of fast food is also declined , but much less siginificantly.

小幅度： slight---------slightly moderate-----moderately modest-------modestly gradual-------gradually steady---------steadily

大约：About

Roughly Around Just over

Approximately Just under

Eg:In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 and over stood at approximately 7% in

Sweden. 三、 比较级

比较级comparative degree 在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：

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1. 在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀

-er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。

2. 英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中，像“A比B

更……”的表达方式称为比较级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态。 3. 比较级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。 2. 在比较级前面使用much，表示程度“强得多”

A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

3．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. The wind became more and more heavily.

4.“the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。 The more money you make, the more you spend.

4. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A + be +倍数+ times + the + 形容词对应名词形式+ of + B. The new building is three times the height of the old one. ②. A + be +倍数+ times +as +原级+ as+ B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe. ③. A + be + times +比较级+ than + B.

Our school is twice bigger than yours.

四、 对比：

Unlike…. 与…不同…,多用于句首表示对比 In comparision… 比较来说 By/In contrast… 对比来说…

A…while/ whereas B A…而B则…

Eg： Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before

decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period. By/In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.

Europe had as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation,

while/whereas the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal. 五、

常用句式

开头句

1. The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...

该表格描述了在...年至...年间...数量的变化。

2. The bar chart illustrates/shows/depicts/reveals that... 该柱状图展示了...

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3. The graph provides some interesting data regarding... 该图为我们提供了有关...的有趣数据。

4. This is a curve graph which describes the trend of... 这个曲线图描述了...的趋势。

5. As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram / graph / chart/table, ……………………….. 如图所示...

6. As can be seen from the diagram, great changes have taken place in...

从图中可以看出，...发生了巨大变化。

7. From the table/chart/diagram/figure, we can see clearly that/ it is clear/apparent that...

从图表中我们可以很清楚（明显）地看到...

8. The graph, presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in... 该图以饼图形式描述了...总的趋势。

9. As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...

如图所示，两条曲线描述了...的波动情况。

中间描述句

增长句

1. the number sharply went up to... 数字急剧上升至...

2. the figures peaked at...in (month/year) ...的数目在...月（年）达到顶点，为...

3. the situation reached a peak (a high point at) of [%]. ...的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为...百分点。 4. there is an upward trend in the number of... ...数字呈上升趋势。

5. A considerable/sharp increase/rise occurred in the number of ……..from...to... between 1999 to 2003.

…..的数量在1999年到2003年期间急剧增长，从...增长到...。

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6. … (year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in... ...年...急剧上升。

持平句

1. over the period from...to...the...remained level. 在...至...期间，...基本不变。

2. the number of...remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year).

...月（年）至...月（年）...的数量基本不变。

3. the percentage of...stayed the same between...and... ...至...期间...的比率维持不变。

4. the percentage remained steady at... 比率维持在...

下降句

1. the figures/situation bottomed out in... 数字（情况）在...达到底部。

2. the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。

3. A considerable/sharp decrease/fall occurred/appeared in the number of ……..from...to... between 1999 to 2003. …..的数量在1999年到2003年期间急剧下降，从...降到...。 4. from...to...the rate of decrease slows down. 从...到...，下降速率减慢。

5. … (year) witnessed/saw a significant decline in... ...年...急剧上升。

6. from this year on，there was a gradual decline / reduction in the..., reaching a figure of... 从这年起，...逐渐下降至...

7. A dramatic fall can be seen in ………during the period + 时间 在…期间，…………发生了急剧下降

对比句

1. the percentage of...is slightly larger/smaller than that of...

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...的比例比...的比例略高（低）。

2. there is not a great deal of difference between...and... ...与...的区别不大。

3. the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of... 该图表表明...的数目增长了三倍。

4. ...decreased year by year while...increased steadily. ...逐年减少，而...逐步上升。

5. a is ...times as much/many as b. a是b的...倍。

6. there are a lot similarities/differences between...and... ...与...之间有许多相似（不同）之处

7. a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。

8. the difference between a and b lies in... a与b之间的差别在于...

9. A overtook B at (43%) in (time/ at 9 PM, in 2002, in May). A 超过B, 比后者高出。

10. A caught up with B, with the percentage of …. in 1999 1999年，A 追上B，与后者平等，百分比为…..

结尾句

1. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that... 这些数据资料令我们得出结论...

2. Overall/As a conclusion/In conclusion, we can say that/It is clear/apparent that…

总之，我们可以说/很明显，…………………..

时间表达

1. in the years between...and... 在...年到...期间...

2 . in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998... 1995年至1998的三年里...

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3. from then on/from this time onwards... 从那时起...

4. during the period from 1999 to 2002 在1999年到2002年期间 六、 特殊图表总结

Pie chart

1.类型A + take up /make up/ represent /occupy /account for /share / 百分比/数字 + in 时间

2.百分比/部分（large the part)go to / belong to(属于）+ 类型A

3. 类型A enjoys the greatest popularity with百分比或部分, which is followed by 类型B, with 百分比/部分, / which is twice as many as 类型B。 4.The dominance/ majority (支配地位) belongs to 类型A with 百分比

Flow chart

过渡词语：

Firstly, then, after that, in the next stage, to follow, finally. Firstly, in the second stage, in the third step, fourthly, to end.

To begin with, ten days later, after a week, further after two months, the next process may last 2 weeks, finally. 动词的选用

表示生产，产生：produce, make, create

表示演化，变化：develop into, grow into, become, turn into, change into, evolve into, advance into

发出，放出：give off, give out, emit 气体／光／热, produce 吸收：absorb, take in, assimilate

结合：combine, come together, be integrated, merge（合并为一）

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