五一七教育网
您的当前位置:首页城市园林绿化数字化管理体系的构建与实现_张晓军

城市园林绿化数字化管理体系的构建与实现_张晓军

来源:五一七教育网
LA Management

城市园林绿化数字化管理体系的构建与实现

The Way of Designing and Implementing of the Digitized Management System of Urban Landscaping and Greening

张晓军 / ZHANG Xiao-jun摘 要:信息技术和数字技术的发展给城市管理带来了巨大变化,并大大提高了管理效率。城市园林绿化作为城市人居环境的重要组成部分,在城市中的作用日趋重要。利用信息技术手段,构建城市园林绿化数字化管理的平台,是实现园林绿化高效管理和精细化管理的重要途径。目前一些城市园林绿化管理工作所采用的信息技术,主要集中在数据资料建库、网络信息公开、电子政务等方面,缺少辅助管理的分析工具,没有充分发挥已有信息的作用。园林绿化的数字化管理应该包括信息数字化、决策数字化、办公数字化等方面,其中利用数字化技术对城市园林绿化水平进行定量分析是关键。应用现有的网络技术、遥感分析技术、视频设备、办公软件等可以建立城市园林绿化管理的数字化体系,包括网络信息发布和交流平台、数据数字化管理和辅助决策分析系统、园林绿化使用和维护监视监控系统等部分,实现园林绿化数字化网络化管理、服务和决策功能。关 键 词: 风景园林;园林绿化;数字化管理;构建;实现文章编号:1000-66(2013)12-0079-06中图分类号:TU 986 文献标志码:A收稿日期:2013-07-16; 修回日期:2013-09-10

Abstract: The development of information and digital technology has brought great change into the city management and improved the efficiency. Urban landscaping and greening is directly related to the urban living environment as an important factor. By the information and digital technology, the digitized management platform for urban landscaping and greening department is an important way to improve the management efficiency and accuracy. Today, the usual ways to take advantage of the information and digital technology have focused on the data base, the opened message in the network, and the E-Government network, etc., while the value of the information is not exerted effectively. The digitized management system of urban landscaping and greening should include the data base, digitalized decision-making, and work, and the key is the digitized quantization analysis of the urban landscaping and greening data. Based on today's internet technology, remote sensing technology, video facilities and office software, etc., the digitized management system of urban landscaping and greening can be established. And the system includes the network base, digitized designing and implementing base and visual supervisory control base, etc., which can make the management, service and decision functions come true. Key words: landscape architecture; landscaping and greening; digitized management system; design; implement

智慧城市的研究和实践在国内得到了极大的发展。智慧城市被认为是数字城市发展的一个新阶段,是电子政务建设的新境界和长远目标[1]。借助数字化技术提高管理效率已成为当今城市发展的主导趋势。数字化管理是指利用计算机、通信、网络等技术,通过统计技术量化管理对象与管理行为,实现研发、计划、组织、生产、协调、销售、服务、创新等职能的管理活动和方法[2]。目前,我国城镇化水平超过50%,城镇已成为人们生产生活的主要场所,园林绿化作为城市环境的重要组成部分,直接关系到人居环

境的质量。城市在园林绿化方面的投入不断加大,园林绿化越来越受到重视。传统的手工统计方式已不能满足园林绿化日常管理的需要,原因是手工数据查询难度大、更新困难、不便于共享[3]。数字化技术为实现园林绿化的高效建设、管理和维护提供了条件,园林绿化电子政务平台、宣传交流网站等方式已广泛应用到城市园林绿化管理工作中。因此,正确理解城市数字化的发展历程,系统梳理城市园林绿化管理各阶段、各环节的数字化形式和手段,对合理利用数字化技术,切实提高园林绿化管理水平十分重要。

1 从数字城市到智慧城市

数字城市是从工业化时代向信息化时代转换的基本标志之一。它一般指在城市“自然、社会、经济”系统的范畴中,能够有效获取、分类存储、自动处理和智能识别海量数据的、具有高分辨率和高度智能化的、既能虚拟现实又可直接参与城市管理和服务的一项综合工程。数字城市为城市规划、智能化交通、网格化管理和服务、基于位置的服务、城市安全应急响应等创造了条件,是信息时代城市和谐发展的重要手段[4]。1998年,数字地球概念提出后,引起人们广泛重视,掀起了全球各地信息技术基础设施开发

79

风景园林管理

和应用的高潮[5],城市数字化工作广泛开展。2004年我国建设部信息化工作领导小组办公室颁布了“城市建设管理信息化示范工程技术导则(试行)”等系列关于城市数字化建设的指导文件,文件中指出,示范工程是为了加速城市园林等城市建设主管部门的信息化进程,使其起到表率作用,带动整个行业信息化;推进管理创新,提升管理能力, 降低管理成本。通过采用现代信息技术,特别是计算机技术、网络技术、通信技术、系统集成技术和信息安全技术等,建立城市建设管理行业主管部门的内部办公业务网、与建设部和有关部门连接的办公业务资源网、以因特网为依托的公众信息服务网,建立共享信息资源库①。

总体来说,国外数字城市发展历程可概括为4个阶段,第一阶段是网络基础设施建设;第二阶段是市和企业内部信息系统建设;第三阶段是市、企业上下游、相互之间借助互联网实现互通互联;第四阶段是网络社会、网络社区、数字城市的形成。我国数字城市建设过程中,通讯基础设施的进展速度比较快;和企业内部信息系统建设的进展比较缓慢,水平参差不齐;、企业互联互通刚刚起步;网络社会、网络社区和数字城市尚未形成[6]。与此同时,我国城乡规划、市政基础设施行业、园林绿化、城市管理、、交通等等各行业的数字化工作同步开展,广泛利用地理信息技术、遥感技术和数据库技术、计算机技术等实现行业信息化管理。

智慧城市是城镇化和信息化高度结合的产物,指在城市发展过程中,在城市基础设施、资源环境、社会民生、经济产业、市政管理领域中,充分利用物联网、互联网、云计算、高性能计算、智能科学等新兴信息技术手段,便捷服务于市民生活和城市管理需要,提高城市的运营质量。智慧城市具备信息全面感知、海量数据处理、智能信息化管理等特点[7]。三维地理信息技术具备影像功能、现场浏览功能、方案规划对比功能等,在智慧城市建设中具有广阔的应用前景[8],能够提高城市决策的准确性。当前,虽然我国很多城市都立下建设智慧城市的目

标,但是诸如产业链的整合、不同行业之间网际互通等问题已到急需解决的瓶颈,需要的管理、制度调整、信息产业法律法规等方面进行相应的改变[9]。

低下,城市园林信息管理面临着数据现势性、管理动态性、应用广泛性、内容详细性等方面的困难。要解决上述困难,势必要从园林绿化基础数据信息开始,为避免数据分散和相互割裂,宜采取集中统一的数字化管理方式,应用

图1 深圳市园林绿化数字化系统(深圳市局提供)

Fig. 1 The Landscaping and Greening Digitization System of Shenzhen City

2 城市园林绿化数字化管理的必要性

城市园林绿化管理包含了从园林绿化的规划、设计、施工、维护等全生命周期,既涉及城市总体的用地布局和功能配置,又涉及城市居民日常房前屋后休闲,是一个繁杂的系统工程。管理者需要真实、全面和动态地了解城市园林绿化的方方面面,提高决策的科学性。住房城乡建设部的《关于印发〈国家园林城市申报与评审办法〉〈国家园林城市标准〉的通知》(建城[2010]125号)和《城市园林绿化评价标准》(GB/T50563-2010)等均提到,城市园林绿化管理信息技术应用(即“数字园林”)是国家园林城市标准的基本项之一,是国家(生态)园林城市考查时必检的内容。

随着城市规模的扩张和城镇化水平提高,当前城市园林建设迅速发展,许多城市园林绿化的新建和改造工程纷纷出现,城市绿化数量、密度不断增加,复杂性也越来越大。用传统的设计文件和档案归缴等方式,难以准确统计城市绿量和绿地面积、古树古木、公园分布等信息,采用传统纸质方式保存数据的城市,往往面对着各类绿化信息的资料不全、精度不准等问题,由此导致管理手段落后、工作效率

空间信息技术对城市园林规划、设计、工程建设、养护维护等进行网格化、精细化、规范化、日常化管理。

3 当前园林绿化的数字化发展水平

近年来,信息技术逐渐深入到城市管理工作的各个方面,园林绿化领域对信息技术应用的越来越广泛,除了数据资料的信息化,园林绿化管理、规划设计、施工监管、植物养护、教育培训、信息交流等借助信息手段均提高了工作效率,园林绿化的数字化途径日益受到广泛关注。很多城市在园林绿化的数字化建设方面投入了大量的人力物力,普遍建立了城市园林绿化的电子政务平台和城市园林绿化宣传网站,例如:深圳(图1)、苏州(图2)、徐州、张家港等城市已经利用ARCGIS等软件平台开展园林绿化数字建库和基础量化分析工作。

园林绿化数字化管理研究也逐渐成为行业关注的重点,李诗华等认为数字化管理是城市园林绿化顺畅高效运行的保障,也是大势所趋。深圳市借助航测、遥感、GPS 卫星定位等技术,为园林和苗木建立电子档案;利用摄像监控设备开展苗木养护和监管;借助数字地图实现道路、公

① 2004年6月,建设部信息化工作领导小组办公室引发了《城市建设管理信息化示范导则_试行稿》《房地产业信息化导则_试行稿》《规划行业信息化示范工程技术导则_试行稿》《建设领域信息产品产业化示范基地 试行稿》《建筑企业信息化示范工程技术导则_试行稿》《建筑业信息化导则_试行稿》《数字城市示范工程导则_试行稿》《数字社区示范工程导则_试行稿》。

80

LA Management

2

图2 张家港市园林绿化数字化系统(张家港市园林局提供)

Fig. 2 The Landscaping and Greening Digitization System of Zhangjiagang City图3 数字城市建设的总体框架[17]

Fig. 3 The General Framework of Digital City Construction

3

园、居住绿化数据的动态查询[10]。

GIS因为具有强大的空间数据处理和辅助决策能力,能够实现对城市园林绿化多影响因子的量化分析,因而具有在广阔的应用前景。唐运海以广西来宾市为例,运用现代测绘技术和3S技术对城市园林绿化和市政设施的空间数据、属性数据的获取方式进行了研究,探讨了如何保证系统数据的客观标准性、科学性、准确性,引入工作流技术研究体系对城市园林绿化综合管理信息系统的总体框架、逻辑构架、软件构架进行了设计,基于C#和.NET开发平台,采用B/S和C/S结构相结合的构架,将MIS与GIS无缝集成,实现了业务管理的系统化、及时化和自动化[11]。可以采用GIS技术,将城市地形、山形水系、植被苗木等信息矢量化,实现属性分析、数据编辑、索引检索等功能[12]。

从已有的应用途径来看,园林绿化数字化主要特点为以下几个方面。

1)资料数字化的工作已普遍开展。城市已有的园林绿化规划设计成果、园林绿化历史资料档案、城市重要园林苗木信息等都通过采集或者日常工作积累建立了资料数据库,便于查阅和管理。

2)数字化管理主要应用在行政审批管理和行业信息交流过程中,主要服务于园林绿化管理部门的行政管理、对外窗口和与市民的互动平台。在城市园林绿化网站上可以看到园林绿化项目征集和审批流程、项目审批进度、方案公示、林木绿地认养[13]、园林绿化成果与技术推广[13]、互动交流等。一些学者在从事行业研

究中也广泛应用到网络信息,例如雷一东在编著《园林绿化方法与实现》一书时就应用了中国园林设计网、上海绿化网、园林在线等网络资料[14]。

3)园林绿化设计已广泛采用信息技术。各个设计部门结合组autocad、photoshop、sketchup、3dmax等软件,开展园林绿化设计和实现模拟,并以此进行方案交流,这已成为各地开展园林绿化项目前期工作的主要方式。

要内容应该包括如下3个部分。

1)管理形式数字化。

改变以往的纸制办公方式,以数字化手段组织开展园林绿化的行政管理工作,包括行业信息、行业管理结构、行政业务审批、从业人员情况、信息公开公示、城市公园介绍等内容,借助信息化手段上述内容可以及时向社会公布,便于公众查阅,提高公众的参与能力,充分发挥社会和监督作用。同时,这种方式可以降低行政成本,实现无纸化办公。

4 园林绿化数字化管理的主要内容

数字化管理不仅仅是把数据收集到一起并把它电子化,还需要利用数据进一步进行数字化分析,并以此为管理决策提供支撑。《城市建设管理信息化示范导则(试行稿)》中提出,数字化管理应用系统包括办公系统、门户网站系统、主管部门或与其他单位的信息交换与管理系统、行业主管部门的专业应用系统等[15]。在此基础上,通过对入库系统数据进行二次加工利用,分析得出基于大量数据的量化指标,实现辅助管理的目的。陈刚等认为,城市数字化总体框架包括四大部分,即基础设施层、资源管理层、综合服务层和应用决策层(图3)[16]。

伴随着航空航天遥感技术的进步,比较精准的正射数字影像图可以较为方便地得到,以数字正射影像图为基础,进行数据分析,并通过数据实地测量调查予以补充和校核,可以大幅度提高数据获得速度及准确性,这会成为园林绿化数字化建设的重要方式。考虑到园林绿化数字化服务于行业全生命周期的要求,其主

2)管理决策依据数字化。

城市园林绿化项目的选择和投入不再是根据以往的经验,而是更多地依靠城市园林绿化信息分析评测结果。诸如公园选址和规模、古树名木保护投入、苗木补植投入、植物种类选择等,均可以借助信息化平台预判项目的社会效益,实现项目收益最大化。

3)运行监管数字化。

借助信息化管理平台和现场监测设施,可以及时了解园林绿化管养单位的信息以及园林绿化设施动态维护的状况,及时发现存在的问题,并通过信息平台下达工作指令,提高决策准确率和效率。

5 广东省阳江市和浙江省丽水市实例经验

针对当前我国城市园林绿化信息系统建设实际,住房城乡建设部城乡规划管理中心2011年启动了园林绿化信息化管理和辅助决策系统的研发和建设工作,并组织在全国开展试点建设。2012年2月,阳江市、丽水市被列为全国

81

风景园林管理

绿化发展现状,为有效提高城市园林绿化水平提供支撑,提高决策的科学性(把“说不清”的问题变得“说得清”)。

参考文献:

[1] 王益明,等.中国智慧城市建设的现状与发展趋势[J].电子政务,2013(8):86-90.

[2] 数字化管理定义[EB/OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/529290.htm.

图4 阳江市城市公园服务半径分析(引自阳江市城市园林绿化信息化系统)Fig. 4 The Analysis of the Service Radius of Yangjiang City Park

[3] 蒋熠,黄玉芳.基于GIS的苏州市数字园林系统设计[EB/OL].,http://wenku.baidu.com/view/13d5750d763231126edb1125.html.

[4] 李德仁.智慧城市=数字城市+物联网+云计算[EB/OL].http://www.js.xinhuanet.com/2012-10/24/c_113476630.htm.

[5] 钱健,等.数字城市建设[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:2.

[6] 中国数字城市的发展道路.[EB/OL].[2006-11-30].测绘世界http://wenku.baidu.com/view/dc0c2f03a6c30c2259019e11.html.

[7] 陆伟良,等.感知智慧城市概论:智慧城市学习体会[J].智能建筑与城市信息,2012(6):28-36.[8] 刘克,等.三维地理信息系统在智慧城市中的应用前景研究[J].城市建筑,2013(4):295.

[9] 胡蓉,等.我国建设“智慧城市”的瓶颈及对策分析[J].未来与发展,2012(4):9-13.

[10] 李诗华,文波,叶根生.浅谈深圳城市园林绿化数字化管理[J].现代园艺,2012(15):63-.[11] 唐云海.城市园林绿化综合管理信息系统研建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.

[12] 李晓明.GIS在现代城市园林建设中的应用[J].城市建设,2010(67):68-70.

[13] 首都园林绿化政务网[EB/OL].http://www.bjyl.gov.cn/

[14] 雷一东.园林绿化方法与实现[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008:前言.

[15] 城市建设管理信息化示范导则(试行稿),建设部信息化工作领导小组办公室,2004年6月.

[16] 陈刚,阎国庆.数字城市理论与实践[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2005:3-4.

“城市园林绿化管理信息技术应用”首批试点城市。2012年4月,成立项目研发小组,完成前期需求调研和技术资料收集工作。2012年8—10月,完成园林绿化系统硬件设备配置安装工作,并指导完成绿地信息提取工作,试运行“数字园林”平台(图4)。

经过试点城市半年多运行,系统的使用效果主要表现在以下3个方面。1)建立了城市园林绿化数据库,明晰家底与科学归档。通过实地调查和卫星遥感影像的分析,全面收集了试点城市的绿地数据,清晰反映了城市园林绿化现状信息,摸清了城市园林绿化家底。在此基础上对绿化资料建档归类,为实现园林绿化科学化、精细化、量化管理提供了数据基础。2)实现量化评估。系统能快速准确地计算出阳江市建成区各类绿地覆盖面积、绿地面积,可以快速查看建成区古树名木的数量、地址、树种、树龄、受保护情况,各公园的面积等信息,直观地反映公园服务半径覆盖的范围。城市园林绿化评价标准的各项指标得以量化的形式表现出来,为科学决策提供了非常重要求的客观依据。3)实现园林绿化的动态监管。通过“数字园林”系统,对前后时期的卫星遥感图片进行对比,分析不同时期卫星遥感图片的绿量数据,直观地反映在系统地图上,并与实地的监控设施相结合,就可以知道各类绿地变化的具体情况,及时发现制止破坏绿地、侵占绿地的行为。

从试点的情况来看,要做好园林绿化信

息化平台建设,应遵循“部里主导——实现平台普适性与地域性的有机衔接,降低城市研发成本,城市配合——加强硬件和软件设施建设,切实有效提高园林绿化管理水平,专业辅助——专业技术团队提供技术支持,提高信息准确率,同时提高城市园林绿化管理人员的素质”的原则开展。通过系统建设,让城市园林绿化管理部门以较低的投入获得有效的管理工具,客观了解城市园林绿化的家底,科学决策园林绿化投入方向和内容,为城市培养一支掌握信息技术和园林知识的专业化管理队伍,有效提高了城市园林绿化管理水平,推动行业进步。

6 结论

在当前我国城市积极向智慧城市迈进的背景下,各行业纷纷开展利用信息技术提高行业综合管理水平的探索。毫无疑问,信息化是提高城市园林绿化管理能力的重要工具。城市园林绿化信息化管理不能局限于单一的平台,应该由政务信息、数据公开、辅助决策等部分共同组成。其中,园林绿化行业的电子政务和公共参与平台主要发挥辅助管理的作用,实现无纸办公,加强信息公开,提高管理效率;园林绿化信息数据库及开放查询平台将各类园林绿化信息建库,便于统计和查询,实现档案电子化,便于公众及时了解园林绿化信息;园林绿化辅助决策平台在已有的园林绿化数据库基础上,按照国家相关标准规范客观评价城市园林

(编辑/金花)

作者简介:

张晓军/1976年生/男/内蒙古赤峰人/工学博士/高级城市规划师/北京大学管理学院在站博士后/住房和城乡建设部城乡规划管理中心园林绿化技术管理处副/研究方向为城乡规划、园林绿化技术管理(北京 100835)

82

The Way of Designing and Implementing of the DigitizedManagement System of Urban Landscaping and Greening

ZHANG Xiao-jun

1 Development Process of the City Digitizing

using the traditional paper-based methods to save the data of the Digital City is one of the basic symbol of the transformation city. All kinds of incomplete green information results in backward from the industrial age to the information age. It generally refers to management and more inefficiency. Urban landscaping and greening areas of the city like the natural, social and economic system. It is an information management data is now facing the difficulties like the integrated engineering that can effectively capture, classify storage, data potential resistance, dynamic management and detailed content. automatic identification and intelligent recognition by massive data. A To solve the above problems, it is bound to start from basic data of high resolution and a highly intelligent, virtual reality can both directly urban landscaping and greening information, in order to avoid the participate in an integrated urban management and engineering data's fragmentation and mutual split, we should adopt centralized services. Digital city can create the conditions for urban planning, digital management, application of spatial information technology intelligent transportation, grid management and services, location-for urban landscaping and greening planning, design, construction, based services, responding emergency for urban security. It is also an maintenance and maintenance, etc., for a grid, fine, standardized, important means of urban harmonious development in the information daily management.

age.

Overall, the development process of foreign digitization can be 3 Development Level of the Digitized Management of Urban summarized into four phases: the first is the network infrastructure; Landscaping and Greening

the second is the construction of municipal government and In recent years, information technology has gradually penetrated enterprise information system; the third is using the Internet to achieve into all aspects of the field of urban management and the application interconnection between the municipalities, the downstream business of information technology is more extensive. In addition to information mutually; and the fourth is the formation of social networks, online technology, urban landscaping and greening management, planning communities and digital cities.

and design, construction supervision, plant conservation, education and training, information exchange and other means of information 2 The Necessity of Urban Landscaping and Greening Digital tools have improved work efficiently. Digitization of landscaping and Management

greening has attracted a widespread attention. Many cities have Urban landscaping and greening management includes invested a lot of manpower and resources in the digital construction landscaping and greening planning, design, construction, of landscaping and greening. Generally the cities have established maintenance, and the whole life cycle, involving both urban land urban landscaping and greening of the e-government platform layout and functionality of the overall configuration, and also the urban and propaganda sites such as: Shenzhen, Suzhou, Xuzhou and residents' daily leisure time around their houses. So it is a complicated Zhangjiagang. Some cities have used ARCGIS software platform to systematic project. Managers need real, comprehensive and dynamic carry out building a data base of digital-based quantitative analysis understanding of all aspects of the urban landscaping and greening work of landscaping and greening.

to achieve scientific decision-makings. The Ministry of Housing and Landscaping and greening digital management research has Urban Construction mentioned in Notice on the Issuance of \"National gradually become the focus attention of the industry. Li Shihua and Garden City Applying and Assessment Methods\" and \"National other people think that the digital management is a safeguard to the Garden City Standards\" (Chengjian [2010] No.125) and Urban smooth and efficient operation of the urban landscaping and greening, Landscaping and Greening Evaluation Criteria (GB/T50563-2010) but also the general trend. Shenzhen has got help from aerial survey, that urban landscaping and greening management IT applications (i.e. remote sensing, GPS satellite positioning and other technology, digital garden) is one of the basic national garden city standards, and created an electronic file for the garden and nursery stock, used video also the examined content of winning the national (eco) garden city.

surveillance equipment to carry out conservation and regulation, With the expansion of city size and the improvement level achieved using digital maps of roads, parks and green living dynamic of urbanization, urban landscaping and greening construction is query data.

developing rapidly. Many of the urban landscaping and greening of Because GIS has a powerful ability of processing spatial data new construction and renovation projects have been started, and and helping make decisions, it also can help analyze the factors that the number of urban greening, density and the complexity are also affecting urban landscaping and greening, and achieve quantitatively. growing. With traditional design documents and files collected by It has broad application prospects. From the point of view of existing other means, it is difficult to have accurate statistics of the urban application pathways, the main features of landscaping and greening green area, ancient trees, parks and other information distribution by

digitization are:

LA Management

83

风景园林管理

1)Data digitization work has been generally carried out. Existing urban landscaping and greening planning and design outcomes, historical data files, important urban garden seedling information have all established information database by collecting or accumulating through the daily work for easy access and management.

2)The digital management is mainly used in the administrative examination, approval management and industry information exchanging- process, primarily serving the administrative department of landscaping and greening management, external windows and platform of interaction with the public. On the website, you can see the urban landscaping and greening's landscaping project solicitation and approval process, project approval schedule, program publicity, forest green adoption, landscaping achievements and technology promotion and interactive exchanges. Some scholars engaged in research in the industry also have widely applied network information.

3)The landscaping and greening design has widely adopted IT technology. Each design department have combined group AutoCAD, Photoshop, SketchUp, 3DMax and other software, carried out landscaping design and implementation of simulation, and thus coming out the exchange program, which has become the main way to carry out preparatory work for landscaping projects around the world.

4 The Main Content of the Digital Landscape Management

The digital management is not only to collect data and put them together electronically, but also need to use digital data for further analysis, to provide support for management decisions. Urban Construction and Management Information Model Guidelines (draft) is proposed that the digital management application should include office systems, portal systems, authorities and other units of information that exchanging management system, the industry department of professional applications, etc.. Based on that, the storage system data is used for secondary processing to analyze large amounts of obtained data which is based on the quantization index, to achieve the purpose of the auxiliary management.

With the advancement of aerospace remote sensing technology, more precise digital photo image map can be more convenient to have. Pictured basis, data analysis, field measurements and survey checked can greatly improve the speed and accuracy of the obtained data, they will become an important way to build digital landscaping and greening. Taking into account of the landscaping and greening of digital services in the industry life cycle requirements, its main contents should include the following three parts:

1)Management in the form of digitization.

Change the traditional office paper approach to digital means to organize the administration of landscaping, including industry information, industry management structure, administrative examination and approval of business, employees, the information disclosure publicity, city parks and other content presentation. Get the help of means, the above information can be released to the public in a timely manner to facilitate public access, to improve the ability of public participation, and play a full role of society and public opinion. At the same time, this approach can reduce administrative costs and achieve a paperless office.

2)Management decisions based on digitization.

Selection and investment in urban landscaping and greening project is no longer based on the past experience, but relies more on

the information that can analysis evaluation results.

3)Regulatory running digitization.

With information management platform and on-site monitoring facilities, we can timely keep the landscaping custody units, interest rates and landscaping maintenance facility dynamic situation, discover the problems timely, and direct work orders by the information platform to improve the accuracy and efficiency of decision-making.

Information technology is an important tool to improve urban landscape management capabilities. Through taking an example of the experience of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province, and Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. Urban landscaping and greening of information management should not be limited to a single platform, but be composed by the government information, data disclosure and some decision support of common components. Among them, the landscaping and greening industry platform for e-government and public participation play a main role of auxiliary management. In order to achieve paperless office, information disclosure and the improvement of efficiency management, the landscaping and greening open information database query platform which is for all types of landscaping will build a database for easy statistics and query. In order to achieve electronic files, facilitate the public to keep timely landscaping information. On the basis of landscaping and greening decision support platform in the existing database, in accordance with the relevant national standards, we can objectively evaluate the development status of the urban landscaping and greening. It is propitious to improve the urban landscape green level effectively, and improve the decision-making more scientific.

(Appreciation of Shitianhui's translating work.)

(Editor / JIN Hua)

Biography:

Zhang Xiaojun, 37 years old, born in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, Ph.D. and Post-doctoral Researcher, School of Government, Peking University, and Deputy Director and Senior Urban Planner, Administration Center of Urban-rural Planning, Ministry of House and Urban-rural Development of P.R. China, research interest in urban planning and landscape management(Beijing 100835)

84

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容