1．Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________(create) special designs.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 答案 to create
解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：技术娴熟的工人们为了创造出特殊的设计会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来。此处的“创造”表示“组合……”的目的，故用不定式形式。
2．People probably cooked their food in large pots，________(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 答案 using
解析 考查现在分词作方式状语。people与use之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作方式状语。 3．A study of travelers ________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015·全国Ⅰ) 答案 conducted
解析 考查过去分词作定语。句意为：由网站TripAdvisor所进行的一项调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，因主语A study与conduct之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。
4．In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房) admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ________(use) electric equipment.(2015·全国Ⅱ) 答案 using
解析 考查动名词作宾语。without是介词，后面接动词-ing形式。
5．________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽) 答案 Ignoring
解析 考查动名词作主语。句意为：忽视这两个研究成果之间的差异将会是你犯的最糟糕的错误之一。根据句子结构可知，此处所填的动词形式与其后的“the difference between the two research findings”在整个句子中作主语，再结合句子的时态可知，需要填动名词的一般式。 6．________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.(2015·北京) 答案 To catch
解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了出租车并且起得很早。根据句意和主句谓语动词ordered可知，应该用不定式的一般式作目的状语。
7．The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.(2015·北京) 答案 enjoying
解析 考查现在分词作状语。句意为：公园里到处都是人，他们在阳光下玩得很愉快。people和enjoy是主谓关系，故填enjoy的现在分词形式。
8．________ (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.(2015·福建) 答案 To learn
解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了了解更多的中国文化，杰克已决定把中国民族音乐作为选修课。不定式表示目的，结合主句谓语动词，故用不定式的一般式。
9．It took years of work________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ) 答案 to reduce
解析 考查动词不定式。句意为：减少工业污染和净化水域花费了几年的工作。根据固定句式It takes sb.some time to do sth.“做某事花了某人多少时间”可知，此处填不定式to reduce。 10．Keep ________(hold) your position for a while.(2014·辽宁) 答案 holding
解析 考查非谓语动词。keep后需接动名词作宾语。keep doing sth.一直做某事。
对于非谓语动词，高考常考到的有：
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)动名词表示泛指、抽象、反复、习惯。 (2)不定式表示具体、一次、打算、未做的动作。 2．非谓语动词作表语
(1)现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征，意思为“令人……”，一般是物作主语； (2)过去分词作表语说明主语的心理状态，主语是承受者，表示的是被动； (3)动名词、不定式作表语与作主语是一样的，可以表语、主语互换。 3．非谓语动词作宾语
(1)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词，可以用口诀记忆“否认错过避逃亡(deny，miss，avoid，escape)；承认推迟被禁止(admit，delay，forbid)；考虑建议准完成(consider，suggest，finish)；介意冒险乱想象 (mind，risk，imagine)；答应继续去训练(allow/permit，keep，practice)；设想原谅得欣赏(fancy，excuse/pardon，enjoy/appreciate)。”
(2)只能跟不定式作宾语的动词，可以用口诀记忆“碰巧希望作决定(happen，hope/wish，decide)；准备同意和答应(prepare，agree，promise)；假装没能安排好(pretend，fail，arrange，plan)；学会拒绝难提供(learn，refuse，offer)；决心设法想抢分(determine，manage，intend，expect，want)；一往无前任我行。”
(3)特别注意以下这些词后跟动名词和不定式的区别： forget，remember，regret try，stop，mean
can’t help，go on，be used like，love，prefer begin，start，continue allow，permit，forbid，advise need，require，want
4．非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词作宾补表示主动关系，强调动作在进行； (2)过去分词作宾补表示动宾关系，强调被动、完成； (3)不定式表示动作的全过程。 5．非谓语动词作定语
(1)不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生，与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系；如果不定式的逻辑主语同时也为句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动，反之用被动； (2)现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性、经常性的动作； (3)过去分词作定语表示动作完成，与修饰词构成动宾关系； (4)动名词作定语表示的是中心词的用途。 6．非谓语动词作状语
(1)不定式作状语表示目的、原因、条件和结果，它表示的结果是出乎意料的；
(2)现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果或伴随，它表示的结果是顺理成章、显而易见的；
(3)过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步等且表示被动、完成。 (4)用分词短语改写句子必须保持前后主语的一致性。 7．with复合结构
(1)“with sb./sth.doing”结构中doing表示主动和进行的动作；
(2)“with sb./sth.done”结构中done表示被动、完成的动作； (3)“with sb./sth.to do”结构中to do表示尚未进行的动作。
1．The students were queuing at the door of the hospital，________(wait) to see their teacher. 答案 waiting
解析 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意为：学生们正在医院门口排队，等着看他们的老师。此处主语students 可以发出动作wait，并与“排队”同时发生，故用现在分词形式表示伴随。 2．I passed by a girl who/that dropped her books out of her locker ________(think) that someone else would help her pick them up.I continued my way. 答案 thinking
解析 考查现在分词作伴随状语。此处的主语I可以发出think的动作，且与passed by的动作同时发生，故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
3．One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about ________(be) late for school. 答案 being
解析 考查动名词作宾语。句意为：某天早上，我正在车站等车，担心上学迟到。此处about是介词，后面要用动名词形式，所以用being。
4．Crowds of people saw the film MERMAID ________(direct) by Chow Sing-Chi on the Lunar New Year’s Day. 答案 directed
解析 考查过去分词作定语。句意为：在农历新年的这天，许多人都看了由周星驰导演的电影《美人鱼》。此处“……电影”与“导演”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，修饰the film MERMAID。
5．And action movies like that need ________(see) in a theatre on a big screen. 答案 to be seen/seeing
解析 考查过去分词。句意为：像那样的动作片需要在剧院的大屏幕上观看。句子主语action movies与see为被动关系，且need之后跟to be done/doing，所以填to be seen/seeing。 6．There were many wonders in Eden，especially the food and God said that Adam and Eve were free ________(eat) any of those things except the fruit of a special tree called “the tree of the knowledge of good and evil”． 答案 to eat
解析 考查不定式作宾语。be free to do sth.随意做某事。
7．The money will be used ________(provide) the school with new computer equipment. 答案 to provide
解析 考查不定式作目的状语。句意为：这些钱将要被用来为学校提供新的电脑设备。be used to do sth.被用来做某事。
8．________(not comb) through pages and links，you have to read the information to decide whether it is linked to what you are researching. 答案 Not having combed
解析 考查现在分词作状语。句意为：还没有梳理好页数和内在联系，你就不得不阅读这个信息来决定它是否与你正在寻找的相联系。comb的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，且句子的主语是comb的执行者，应用现在分词的完成时，否定形式在having前加not。
9．A boy trembled in the cold winter，________(wrap) his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. 答案 wrapping
解析 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意为：男孩在候车亭的长凳上环抱着胳膊，在寒冷的冬天里，瑟瑟发抖。根据句子的主语a boy是wrap的动作执行者可知，用现在分词作伴随状语。 10. Careers Advice service is only available to people ________ (study) on day-time courses. 答案 studying
解析 考查现在分词作定语。句意为：只有在白天课程中学习的人们可以得到职业建议服务。________ on day-time courses在此作定语，修饰people；因people与study两者之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式studying。
11．I hid the amount on purpose because I wanted to use all the money ________(buy) my parents a house，and I knew that my parents would never accept me buying them a house with the money from my sale. 答案 to buy
解析 考查不定式。句意为：我故意隐瞒了数额，因为我想用所有的钱去给我父母买套房子，我知道父母不会接受用我出售的钱来给他们买房子。此处use sth. to do sth.表示“用某物去做某事”，故用不定式形式。
12．When she was 5 years old，a successful operation was carried out ________(fix) her problem—lucky her！ 答案 to fix
解析 考查不定式作状语。此处fix表示carry out的目的，故用不定式作目的状语。 13．________(be) in love puts a constant smile on your face. 答案 Being
解析 考查动名词作主语。句意为：陷入热恋使得你不断地微笑。分析句式可知此处为主语部分，故用动名词形式。
14．So with no one________(know)，I used up my money and bought my parents a one-story house.
答案 knowing
解析 考查with复合结构。句意为：没有人知道，我花光了我的钱给父母买了一套单层房。know与其逻辑主语no one是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作with的宾补。
15．There are two main reasons why the temperature of the air is always ________(change)． 答案 changing
解析 考查现在分词。句意为：温度为什么总是变化，有两条主要原因。“be always＋现在分词”表示“老是……；总是……”，带有感情色彩。
强化练(十一)
1
It was a cold day in December in New York City.A little boy about 10 years old was standing before a shoe store on Broadway，barefooted,1.________(look) through the window，and shivering with cold.A lady approached the boy and said，“My little fellow,2.________ are you looking so earnestly(虔诚的) in that window？”
“I was asking God 3.________(give) me a pair of shoes，” was the boy’s reply.
The lady took him by the hand and went into the store，and asked the clerk to get a half dozen pairs of socks for the boy.She then asked 4.________ he could give her a basin of water and a towel.He quickly brought them to her.She took the little fellow to the back part of the store and 5.________(remove) her gloves，knelt down，washed his little feet，and dried 6.________ with the towel.
By this time the clerk 7.________(return) with the socks.Placing a pair upon the boy’s feet，she then purchased him a pair of shoes.She patted him on the head and said，“No doubt，my little fellow，you feel more 8.________(comfort) now？”
As she turned to go，the 9.________(astonish) boy caught her by the hand，and looking up in her face，10.________ tears in his eyes，answered the question with these words: “Are you God’s wife？”
语篇解读 本文讲了一位女士同情没有袜子和鞋子穿的贫穷小孩子，给他买了鞋子和袜子的故事。 1．答案 looking
解析 考查非谓语动词。主语A little boy与动词look之间是主动关系，故用looking作伴随状语。 2．答案 why
解析 考查疑问词。句意为：你为什么这么虔诚的看着窗户？根据上下文可知是询问原因，
故用why。 3．答案 to give
解析 考查动词不定式。ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事，故填to give。 4．答案 if/whether
解析 考查名词性从句。询问“是否”能够给她一盆水和一条毛巾，故用if/whether。 5．答案 removed
解析 考查动词时态。此空与动词took，knelt down，washed，dried为并列关系，故填removed。 6．答案 them
解析 考查代词。指代前文的feet，故用them。 7．答案 had returned
解析 考查动词时态。店员已经回来了，并且拿来了袜子，故用had returned。 8．答案 comfortable
解析 考查形容词。根据空前的feel可知，应填形容词comfortable。 9．答案 astonished
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词，应用形容词。表示“这个震惊的男孩”，用astonished。 10．答案 with
解析 考查介词。此处为with复合结构，表示伴随状态。
2
Zhang Kesen,16，has always wanted to have an elder brother.“I want someone 11.________(share) my thoughts with.” Said Zhang.12.________ a result of the family planning policy，many teenagers today don’t have any brothers or sisters.
The family planning policy 13.________(introduce) in the 1970s to control the fast-growing population.A communiqué of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China said that all 14.________(couple) will be allowed to have two children.
Right now，China has one of 15.________ world’s lowest birth rates at about 1.2，according to Xinhua.It means that on average，a Chinese woman gives 16.________(bear) to 1.2 children in her life time.“When a country has been below the birth rate for a long time，it has many more old people 17.________ young ones in the age structure of the population，” said Lu Jiehua，a professor of sociology.“The two child policy is 18.________(expect) to help increase the fertility rate to control the aging population.”
“It will also help to solve an imbalance between boys and girls，”Lu said.“The situation is serious in China，with roughly 115 boys born for every 100 girls.19.________ a second child is allowed，the 20.________(tradition) preference for boys is expected to be less of a problem.” 语篇解读 作者叙述了人们对中国的计划生育的看法、影响以及放开两孩后人们的想法等。 11．答案 to share
解析 考查不定式作宾语。want sb.to do sth.意为“让某人去做某事”。 12．答案 As
解析 考查介词。as a result of意为“由于……”，为固定搭配。 13．答案 was introduced
解析 考查动词时态和语态。主语 the family planning policy与动词introduce为逻辑上的动宾关系，结合时间状语in the 1970s可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。 14．答案 couples
解析 考查名词。根据all “所有的”指三者以上可知，应用couple的复数形式。 15．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。根据world’s lowest birth rates可知此处为最高级，故用定冠词the。 16．答案 birth
解析 考查固定搭配。give birth to意为“生育”为固定短语。故用名词birth。 17．答案 than
解析 考查比较级。根据空前的many more可知是老年人与青年人的对比。故此处用了比较级句式：more...than结构，填than。 18．答案 expected
解析 考查过去分词。此处意为“两孩有望……”，主语与动词expect为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。 19．答案 If
解析 考查连词。此处的“两孩被允许”为假设条件，故用表示条件的连词if引导从句。 20．答案 traditional
解析 考查形容词。 preference为名词，前面需要形容词作定语对它进行修饰，故用tradition的形容词形式。
3
The dark chocolate is one of the favorite food choices by many people because it has a lot of benefits 21.________ it comes to your health.Here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate on health.
First of all，it contains different kinds of antioxidants(抗氧化剂) which 22.________(be) good for heart.Besides，the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol(胆固醇)，lowering the risks of stroke and taking away the risk of blood vessels which may 23.________(hard) for too much cholesterol in them.
Lastly，do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after 24.________(jog)？This feeling is
like extreme happiness.The dark chocolate will give you the feeling of 25.________(please) and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you，then dark chocolate can be 26.________ mood lifter.
These are commonly the effects of chocolate on health.It can benefit you especially if 27.________(take) with the right amount.28.________(approximate)，100 grams of chocolate 29.________ less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much，try to lessen your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide 30.________ you.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。作者对黑色巧克力的功效以及它对人们健康带来的好处作了介绍。 21．答案 when
解析 考查连词。when it comes to...当涉及到……，当谈到……，为常用句式。 22．答案 are
解析 考查主谓一致。此处为定语从句，其先行词是kinds of antioxidants，在从句中作主语，故用复数谓语动词。 23．答案 harden
解析 考查动词。harden意为“硬化……”，从上句意思可知这种巧克力会把硬化血液器官的胆固醇清除。hard为形容词，其动词形式用harden。 24．答案 jogging
解析 考查动名词。after为介词，其后跟动词的-ing形式。 25．答案 pleasure
解析 考查名词。此处并列连词and后用名词happiness，故前面也用名词形式。pleasure和happiness共同作介词of的宾语。 26．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。此处指黑色巧克力的好处。 mood lifter开心果，为泛指概念，故用冠词a。 27．答案 taken
解析 考查过去分词。此处为省略形式，补全后为if it is taken。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可省去从句主语及be动词。故此处用“连词＋过去分词”的省略形式。 28．答案 Approximately
解析 考查副词。approximately意为“大体上”，为插入语，在句中作状语。 29．答案 or
解析 考查连词。此处意思“一天吃100克的巧克力或者更少”。两者之间为选择，故填or。 30．答案 for
解析 考查介词。provide...for...意为“给……提供……”。
4
The Dragon Boat Festival，the 5th day of the 5th lunar month，has had 31.________ history of more than 2,000 years.It is 32.________(usual) in June in the Gregorian calendar(公历)．Dragon boat racing is a necessary part of the festival,33.________(hold) all over the country.As the gun is fired，people will see racers in dragon-shaped canoes pulling the oars harmoniously and 34.________(hurry)，accompanied by rapid drums，speeding toward 35.________(they) destination.Folk tales say the game originated from the activities of 36.________(seek) Qu Yuan’s body，but experts，after painstaking and careful research，conclude that dragon boat racing is a semi-religious，semi-entertaining program(半宗教、半娱乐节目) from the Warring States Period.In the 37.________(follow) thousands of years，the game spread to Japan，Vietnam and Britain as 38.______ as China’s Taiwan and Hong Kong.Now dragon boat racing has developed into an aquatic sports item 39.________ features both Chinese tradition and modern sporting spirit.In 1980，it 40.________(list) into the state sports competition programs and has been held every year ever since.The award is called “Qu Yuan Cup.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了龙舟节端午节的历史、发展、流传和传统风俗的变化。 31．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。have a history of...意为“有……的历史”，为固定搭配。 32．答案 usually
解析 考查副词。in June为介词短语，修饰短语的词用副词形式。 33．答案 held
解析 考查过去分词作定语。hold与the festival为逻辑上的动宾关系，意为“在世界范围内举办的节日”，故用过去分词。 34．答案 hurriedly
解析 考查副词。并列连词and连接的成分要前后一致，根据and前的harmoniously可知此处用hurry的副词形式。 35．答案 their
解析 考查代词。根据后面的名词destination可知应用代词they的形容词性物主代词“their”作定语。
36．答案 seeking
解析 考查动名词。介词of后面的动词应用动名词形式作宾语。 37．答案 following
解析 考查现在分词作定语。following意为“接下来的……”，作定语修饰thousands of
years。 38．答案 well
解析 考查固定搭配。as well as意为“也，和”。 39．答案 which/that
解析 考查性定语从句。先行词sports item在从句中作主语，故填which/that。 40．答案 was listed
解析 考查动词时态和被动语态。主语it与动词list为逻辑上的动宾关系，并且时间状语In 1980为过去的时间，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
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